Ideological Rationale of Pakistan with Special Reference to Quaid-i-Azam, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Meaning and Definition of Ideology
- Ideology is broad term which can be defined in various ways and meanings.
- The word “ideology” is composed of two Greek words “ideo” and “logos”.
- Means “the science or study of ideas”.
- The ideology of any nation reflects the ideals and aspirations of its people, and religion, and cultural shape, their thinking which binds them together.
Ideology
- Ideology in a positive sense is a system of
- Beliefs
- Values
- ideals
- Convictions
- institutions
- goals
- people consider true, binding, and practicable
Emergence of Ideology
How Ideology Emerges?
- Ideologies tend to arise in the times of crises and social stress.
- A society having no ideology, when faced with a crisis
- May find it difficult to decide by reacting to its ethical and
- Practical aspects as to whether to confront it with courage or retreat from it.
Causes of Emergence of Ideology
- When a significant purpose becomes a joint ideal of people’s life then it is a common ideology of life.
- An ideology emerges when a large section of society think or feel that
- They are being mistreated under an existing order
- when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in society
- when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them.
kinds of ideology
There are many kinds of ideology Some of them are under:
- Liberalism
- Socialism
- Marxism
- Capitalism
Characteristics of Ideology
The ideology must contain following qualities;
1. Maximum Following and Source of Unity: Maximum people should follow and united on this ideology.
2. Harmonization: The ideology must be harmonized (in line) with the feelings, emotions, traditions, beliefs and values of the nation.
3. Collective Efforts: This can be obtained by collective efforts.
4. Leadership: To implement this ideology is imperatively required.
Importance of Ideology
On other hand importance of Ideology cab be explained under the following aspects;
1. Motivating Force: For a nation that strives hard to bring stability.
2. Common Platform: To the scattered groups in a society and brings them closer to each other on a common platform.
3. Joint Line of Action: to follow a for the accomplishment goal. Give Birth Revolutions/cultures and civilizations
4. Interpretation of the Past and Vision of Future: Offers an interpretation of the past, in the light of present and then predicts the future.
Ideology Of Pakistan
- The ideology of Pakistan based on the Two Nation Theory
- That hold that Hindus and Muslims are two separate and distinct nations
- Having their own; 1.Culture 2.Civilization 3.Literature 4.Religion 5.Way of life,
- Muslims cannot merged with any other nation because their philosophy of life is based upon the principles of Islam.
- Due to all such difference, they need a separate State of Pakistan
- Realization of the Muslims of South Asia as different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates.
- Muslim Future in Democratic India: under the Hindu majority, they will not safe, they changed their demand to a separate state.
- The ideology of Pakistan stemmed from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their individuality in the Hindu society.
- The Muslims believed that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but are two social orders that produced two distinct cultures.
- Historical Fact: Despite living together for more than one thousand years, they continue to develop different cultures and traditions.
- Their eating habits, music, architecture, and script, all are poles apart.
- Such Factors proves that the differences are not just for the struggle for political supremacy but are also manifested in the clash of two social orders.
- This clash ultimately would be the destiny of this territory
- To avoid clash a separate state named Pakistan in North west would be created for the Muslims
Factors which Led to the Ideology of Pakistan
- Forces of Islam
- Socio-Cultural Differences
- Treatment of Hindus
- Attitude of British
- Two Nations Theory.
- Two Nations Theory
- Partition of Bengal
- Urdu Hindi Controversy
- War of Independence 1857
Evolutionary Process of Ideology of Pakistan
- The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process.
- Historical experience provided the base;
- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan provides Basis of Muslim Identity
- Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation;
- Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality;
- Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction.
Quaid-I-Azam and Ideology of Pakistan
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a history-making leader who changed the course of history. Charismatic Leader
Role of Jinnah
- Political career in 1906 joining the Indian National Congress.
- Joined the All India Muslim League (AIML) in 1913 .
- Jinnah resigned from the Congress in 1920.
- His early efforts to promote Hindu Muslim unity
- THE LUCKNOW PACT (1916) was signed Hindus accepted the Muslim demands
- Separate Electorate· One-third Seats in Central Legislature · protection of minority rights Nehru Report 1928
- Fourteen Points
- Act of 1935
- Congress Ministries
- Presidential Address March 1940
- That Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, with different social customs and literature.
- Their outlook on life and of life is different.
Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan :
- Iqbal gave the idea of Pakistan.
- I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they cannot live with Hindus in the United India.
- India is a continent of human beings belonging to different languages and professing different religions
- Islam is a living and dynamic ideology that can meet modern challenges
- Islam can salvage the Muslims
- Islam has always saved Muslim
- Islam to help them to overcome their
- The Allahabad Address of Allama Iqbal 1930
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Ideology of Pakistan
- Hindu Muslim Unity
- Urdu Hindi Controversy 1867
- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan first used the word ‘Two Nations’ for Hindus and Muslims.
- Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was convinced by the Congress and Hindus towards the Muslims
- Both nations cannot stay united in a single country and the future of the Muslims will safe only if they have their own separate country.
Significance of Pakistan Ideology :
- The ideology of Pakistan is very important in the freedom Movement of Muslism
- Surety of Success: Supporter of its success and unity
- Morality and Good Character: Due to adoption of IOP Muslim nation can be developed ethical traits, honesty and good character as well.
- Development of New Islamic World: Aims to unify all the Muslims world
- Inevitable for National Unity and Safety: Provides one platform and creates unity among them and sense of safety.
- The ideology of Islamic State: Adopting this ideology the Muslim nation can be righteous and good Muslims.
Conclusion
- Ideology plays an important role in individuals, groups, communities, and nations building and development.
- It provides a track to achieve define certain goals.
- In Subcontinent Muslims were not given their proper place and share after 1857
- They felt unsafe due to the attitude of British and Hindus that’s why they demanded a separate homeland for the Muslims to practice their religious practices freely without any fear which the Muslims in India are facing these days.
